Browning was featured in several Reliance-Majestic films, including The Wild Girl (1917). Both Griffith and Browning departed Biograph and New York that same year and together joined Reliance-Majestic Studios in Hollywood, California. Griffith at Biograph Studios in New York City, first appearing as an undertaker in Scenting a Terrible Crime (1913). In 1913, the 33-year-old Browning was hired by film director D. A number of actors that Browning performed with in his early acting career would later appear in his own pictures, many of whom served their apprenticeships with Keystone Cops director Max Sennett, among them Wallace Beery, Ford Sterling, Polly Moran, Wheeler Oakman, Raymond Griffith, Kalla Pasha, Mae Busch, Wallace MacDonald and Laura La Varnie. Film historian Boris Henry observes that "Browning's experience as a slapstick actor incorporated into his career as a filmmaker." Dillon later provided many of the screenplays for the early films that Browning would direct. In all, Browning was cast in over 50 of these one- or two-reeler slapstick productions. īrowning's work as a comedic film actor began in 1909 when he performed with director and screenwriter Edward Dillon in film shorts. In 1909, after 13 years performing in carnivals and vaudeville circuits, Browning, age 29, transitioned to film acting. He appeared in a Mutt and Jeff sketch in the 1912 burlesque revue The World of Mirth with comedian Charles Murray.
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Adopting the professional name "Tod" Browning ( tod is the German word for death), Browning abandoned his wife and became a vaudevillian, touring extensively as both a magician's assistant and a blackface comedian in an act called The Lizard and the Coon with comedian Roy C. In 1906, the 26-year-old Browning was briefly married to Amy Louis Stevens in Louisville. He would later draw on these early experiences to inform his cinematic inventions. Browning developed a live burial act in which he was billed as "The Living Hypnotic Corpse", and performed as a clown with the renowned Ringling Brothers circus. Initially hired as a roustabout, he soon began serving as a "spieler" (a barker at sideshows) and by 1901, at the age of 21, was performing song and dance routines for Ohio and Mississippi riverboat entertainment, as well as acting as a contortionist for the Manhattan Fair and Carnival Company. At the age of 16, and before finishing high school, he ran away from his well-to-do family to join a traveling circus.
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Circus, sideshow and vaudeville Īs a child, Browning was fascinated by circus and carnival life. Browning's uncle, the baseball star Pete "Louisville Slugger" Browning saw his sobriquet conferred on the iconic baseball bat. Charles Albert Sr., "a bricklayer, carpenter and machinist" provided his family with a middle-class and Baptist household. Tod Browning was born Charles Albert Browning, Jr., in Louisville, Kentucky, the second son of Charles Albert and Lydia Browning. circus life, for Browning, represented a flight from conventional lifestyles and responsibilities, which later manifested itself in a love of liquor, gambling and fast cars." - Film historian Jon Towlson in Diabolique Magazine, Novem "A non-conformist within his family, the alternative society of the circus shaped his disdain for normal mainstream society.
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4 Early film directing and screenwriting: 1914–1916.